How to Treat Bee Stings, Allergies, and Anaphylaxis – A Summer Survival Guide

As the weather warms up, so do the chances of insect stings and allergic reactions. For some, a bee sting is a painful inconvenience. But for others, especially those with severe allergies, it can quickly turn into a life-threatening emergency.

At Essex First Aid & Wellbeing, we teach people how to identify and respond to mild and severe allergic reactions — including anaphylaxis — with confidence. Whether you're enjoying a picnic, walking in the countryside, or managing a group outdoors, this guide will help you handle the sting — and the shock.

Immediate Symptoms of a Sting

Most stings cause:

• Pain and redness

• Swelling at the sting site

• Itching or burning sensation

These symptoms usually ease within a few hours or days.

First Aid for Mild Reactions

1. Remove the stinger (for bee stings only): Use a credit card or blunt edge to scrape it out sideways. Avoid tweezers – they may squeeze more venom in.

2. Wash the area with soap and water.

3. Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain.

4. Take antihistamines to manage itching and swelling if needed.

5. Avoid scratching to prevent infection.

When It’s More Than Just a Sting: Allergic Reactions

Some people develop a moderate or severe allergic response to stings.

Moderate Reaction:

• Large area of swelling (more than 10cm)

• Swelling may increase over 24-48 hours

• Nausea or fatigue

Monitor the reaction and consult a pharmacist or GP if it persists or worsens.

Anaphylaxis: A Life-Threatening Emergency

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can develop within minutes. It can affect breathing, circulation, and consciousness.

Signs of Anaphylaxis:

• Swelling of face, lips, tongue or throat

• Wheezing or difficulty breathing

• Pale, clammy skin

• Rapid heartbeat

• Feeling faint, dizzy or confused

• Collapse or unconsciousness

Call 999 immediately if you suspect anaphylaxis.

First Aid for Anaphylaxis

1. Call 999 immediately – say “anaphylaxis” to ensure rapid response.

2. Use an adrenaline auto-injector (EpiPen) if available: Inject into the outer thigh. Can be used through clothing. Hold in place for 5-10 seconds

3. Lie the person flat with legs raised. If breathing is difficult, allow them to sit up slightly.

4. Give a second injection after 5 minutes if there’s no improvement and a second pen is available.

5. Monitor breathing, pulse and consciousness. Be prepared to perform CPR if they become unresponsive.

   
   

Who Is Most at Risk?

• People with known allergies to bee/wasp stings, nuts, shellfish, or latex

• Children and teenagers

• Individuals with asthma

• Those who have had a past anaphylactic episode

Many will carry an adrenaline pen (EpiPen, Jext or Emerade) — but not always have support around them. That’s why First Aid training is critical.

What to Keep in Your Summer First Aid Kit

Make sure your kit includes:

• Antihistamines (tablets and/or syrup)

• Cold packs or gel compresses

• Insect bite cream (e.g., hydrocortisone or anti-itch gel)

• Sterile wipes

• Tweezers or card for stinger removal

• Adrenaline auto-injector (if prescribed)

• Emergency allergy plan (for family/school/carers)

• CPR face shield

Tip: Check expiry dates on adrenaline pens regularly — and ensure everyone in your group knows where they’re kept.